Tag Archives: Internet of Things

From Data to Decisions: Edge AI Empowering IoT Innovations and Smart Sensors

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Cons

Throughout this blog series on Edge AI, we have touched upon various fascinating applications, including Edge AI in autonomous vehicles and Edge AI in consumer electronics. In autonomous vehicles, edge AI plays a pivotal role in enabling real-time decision-making and improving the overall safety and efficiency of transportation systems. Meanwhile, in consumer electronics, edge AI enhances user experiences by providing smart, responsive features in everyday devices such as smartphones, smart home systems, and wearable technology.

Lastly, in the rapidly evolving landscape of technology, Edge AI is paving new ways to harness the power of IoT (Internet of Things) devices and smart sensors. These advancements are not just buzzwords but fundamental shifts that promise to enhance efficiency, improve data management, and offer unprecedented insights. This blog will explore the effects of Edge AI on IoT devices and smart sensors, providing insights into its current applications, benefits, and future potential. By the end, you’ll have a comprehensive understanding of how Edge AI can revolutionize your business operations.

Smart Sensors Explained

This RealPars video explores the transformative role of Smart Sensors in Industry 4.0’s Smart Factory framework

It traces the evolution from the First Industrial Revolution to today’s IoT-driven Smart Factories, highlighting how Smart Sensors surpass traditional sensors with advanced features like data conversion, digital processing, and cloud communication. Discover how these intelligent devices are revolutionizing manufacturing, enhancing efficiency, and driving innovation.

The Intersection of Edge AI and IoT

Real time

Enhancing Real-Time Data Processing

One of the most significant benefits of Edge AI is its ability to process data in real-time. Traditional IoT systems often rely on cloud-based servers to analyze data, which can result in delays and increased latency. Edge AI mitigates these issues by enabling IoT devices to process and analyze data locally. This real-time processing capability is crucial for applications requiring immediate responses, such as autonomous vehicles or industrial automation.

For example, consider a manufacturing plant equipped with smart sensors to monitor machinery performance. With Edge AI, any anomalies in the data can be detected and addressed instantly, preventing potential breakdowns and costly downtime.

Improving Bandwidth Efficiency

Bandwidth efficiency is another critical advantage of Edge AI on IoT devices. Sending vast amounts of raw data to the cloud for processing can strain network resources and incur significant costs. By processing data locally, Edge AI reduces the amount of data that needs to be transmitted, thus optimizing bandwidth usage.

Imagine a smart city project where thousands of sensors collect data on traffic, weather, and public safety. Edge AI can filter and preprocess this data locally, sending only the most relevant information to the central server. This approach not only conserves bandwidth but also ensures faster and more efficient decision-making.

Enhancing Security and Privacy

Security

Security and privacy are paramount concerns in the age of data-driven technologies. Edge AI offers enhanced security by minimizing the need to transfer sensitive data over the network. Localized data processing reduces the risk of data breaches and unauthorized access, making it a more secure option for businesses dealing with sensitive information.

For instance, healthcare facilities using IoT devices to monitor patient vitals can benefit from Edge AI. By processing data locally, patient information remains within the facility’s secure network, reducing the risk of data breaches and ensuring compliance with privacy regulations.

Take, for example, a hospital equipped with smart beds that monitor patient heart rates, blood pressure, and oxygen levels. With Edge AI, these smart beds can analyze data in real-time and alert medical staff to any abnormalities immediately, thereby enhancing patient care and response times.

Another example is remote patient monitoring systems used in home healthcare setups. Edge AI can process data from wearable devices, such as glucose monitors or digital stethoscopes, ensuring that sensitive health information is analyzed on the device itself before only the necessary summarized data is sent to healthcare providers. This not only preserves the patient’s privacy but also ensures timely intervention when needed.

Pros of Edge AI on IoT Devices and Smart Sensors

Operational Costs

Reduced Latency

One of the most significant advantages of Edge AI is its ability to reduce latency. By processing data closer to the source, Edge AI eliminates the delays associated with transmitting data to and from cloud servers. This reduced latency is crucial for applications requiring real-time decision-making, such as autonomous vehicles or industrial automation.
Consider a smart factory where machines are equipped with sensors to monitor their performance. With Edge AI, any anomalies in the data can be detected and addressed instantly, preventing potential breakdowns and costly downtime.

In an automated warehouse where robotic systems manage inventory, Edge AI can be used to process data from various sensors in real time. If a sensor detects an obstruction in the robot’s path, Edge AI can immediately reroute the robot, avoiding potential collisions and maintaining a smooth flow of operations. This instant decision-making capability minimizes interruptions and maximizes operational efficiency, showcasing how Edge AI significantly benefits environments that rely on the timely processing of critical data.

Improved Bandwidth Efficiency

Another positive aspect of Edge AI is its ability to enhance bandwidth efficiency. By processing data locally, Edge AI minimizes the volume of data transmitted to central servers. This is particularly advantageous for data-intensive applications, such as video surveillance or smart city monitoring. For instance, in a smart city, Edge AI can process video feeds from traffic cameras locally and only send relevant alerts or summarized data, significantly reducing network load and transmission costs.

Enhanced Resilience and Reliability

Edge AI enhances system resilience and reliability by ensuring critical functions can operate even without network connectivity. For instance, in autonomous vehicles, edge computing allows real-time decision-making even in regions with poor internet connections. Similarly, in industrial automation, machines can perform essential operations independently of cloud-based systems. This decentralized approach ensures that even in the event of network failures, Edge AI devices maintain functionality and consistent performance.

Cons of Edge AI on IoT Devices and Smart Sensors

Cons

Initial Setup Costs

One of the primary challenges of implementing Edge AI is the initial setup cost. Deploying Edge AI infrastructure requires significant investment in hardware, software, and skilled personnel. For small and medium-sized businesses, these costs can be a barrier to adoption.

However, it’s important to consider the long-term benefits and potential cost savings associated with Edge AI. Businesses that invest in Edge AI can achieve significant returns through improved efficiency, reduced operational costs, and enhanced decision-making capabilities.

Limited Processing Power

Another potential drawback of Edge AI is the limited processing power of edge devices. Unlike cloud servers, edge devices may have limited computational resources, which can impact their ability to handle complex AI algorithms.

Businesses must carefully evaluate their specific use cases and determine whether Edge AI devices have the necessary processing power to meet their needs. In some cases, a hybrid approach that combines edge and cloud processing may be the most effective solution.

Data Management Challenges

Data Management

Edge AI also presents data management challenges for businesses. With data being processed and stored on various edge devices, managing and maintaining this data can be complex and time-consuming. This issue is further compounded by the sheer volume of data generated by IoT devices, making it challenging to extract meaningful insights.

To address this challenge, businesses must have robust data management strategies in place, including implementing efficient data storage solutions and leveraging advanced analytics tools to make sense of large datasets. Overall, while there are challenges associated with Edge AI on IoT devices, its numerous benefits make it a valuable tool for businesses looking to utilize real processing and improve decision-making capabilities.

Maintenance and Management

Maintaining and managing Edge AI infrastructure can be challenging, especially for businesses with limited IT resources. Edge devices require regular updates, monitoring, and maintenance to ensure optimal performance and security. Businesses can partner with managed service providers (MSPs) that specialize in Edge AI deployment and management. MSPs can provide the expertise and support needed to maintain a robust and secure Edge AI infrastructure.

Future Plans and Developments

Future

Advancements in Edge AI Hardware

The future of Edge AI is bright, with ongoing advancements in hardware technology. Next-generation edge devices will feature more powerful processors, enhanced memory capabilities, and improved energy efficiency. These advancements will enable businesses to deploy even more sophisticated AI algorithms at the edge.
For example, companies like NVIDIA and Intel are developing cutting-edge processors specifically designed for Edge AI applications. These processors will enable faster and more efficient data processing, opening up new possibilities for IoT and smart sensor applications.

Integration with 5G Networks

5G

The rollout of 5G networks will significantly impact the adoption of Edge AI. With its ultra-low latency and high-speed data transmission capabilities, 5G will enhance the performance of Edge AI applications, enabling real-time decision-making and data processing on a larger scale.

Industries such as autonomous driving, smart cities, and industrial automation will benefit greatly from the combination of 5G and Edge AI. The synergy between these technologies will drive innovation and transform the way businesses operate. Overall, the future of Edge AI looks promising, with endless possibilities for improving efficiency, security, and decision-making capabilities in various industries. As hardware technology continues to advance and more businesses adopt Edge AI solutions, we can expect to see even greater developments and advancements in this field.

Expansion of Edge AI Use Cases

As Edge AI technology continues to evolve, we can expect to see an expansion of use cases across various industries. From healthcare and agriculture to manufacturing and retail, businesses will find new and innovative ways to leverage Edge AI to improve efficiency, enhance customer experiences, and drive growth.
For instance, in agriculture, Edge AI-powered drones can monitor crop health in real time, enabling farmers to make data-driven decisions and optimize their yields. In retail, smart shelves equipped with Edge AI can track inventory levels and automatically reorder products, reducing stock outs and improving customer satisfaction. The possibilities are endless, and the future of Edge AI is full of exciting potential. One example of a company that is in charge of creating Edge AI-powered drones for agriculture is DroneDeploy. DroneDeploy offers innovative solutions that enable farmers to monitor crop health with precision and efficiency.

Conclusion

As we conclude our Edge AI blog series, we hope you have gained valuable insights into the benefits, challenges, and future developments associated with this transformative technology. From understanding its impact on various industries to exploring its innovation potential, Edge AI represents a significant advancement in the way we process and utilize data.

Edge AI is revolutionizing the way businesses leverage IoT devices and smart sensors. By enabling real-time data processing, optimizing bandwidth usage, and enhancing security, Edge AI offers significant benefits for businesses across various industries. However, it’s essential to consider the initial setup costs, limited processing power, and maintenance challenges associated with Edge AI.

Looking ahead, advancements in Edge AI hardware, integration with 5G networks, and the expansion of use cases will drive the continued growth and adoption of this technology. For CEOs, technology executives, and business owners, staying informed about Edge AI developments and exploring its potential applications can provide a competitive advantage in today’s tech-driven world. Stay tuned for more in-depth explorations of the latest trends and technologies shaping our world.

Revolutionizing Everyday Tech: How Edge AI is Reshaping Consumer Electronics

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Our last blog explored the features of the iPhone 16, driving into its advancements in AI-driven functionalities and performance improvements. Before that, we discussed how Edge AI is revolutionizing autonomous vehicles. But the magic of Edge AI extends far beyond cars. Edge AI in consumer electronics is transforming the way we live, work, and play. This powerful technology brings machine learning algorithms directly to your devices, offering faster processing, greater privacy, and unparalleled efficiency. In this blog, we will uncover the effects of Edge AI in consumer electronics. By the end, you’ll have a comprehensive understanding of how this cutting-edge technology is shaping our reality.

Consumer Electronics Show 2024

The Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas is a premier global tech event where industry leaders and innovators unveil cutting-edge consumer electronics and trends that shape the future.

The Consumer Electronics Show which is held annually, attracts industry leaders, tech enthusiasts, and startups alike, featuring thousands of exhibitors and cutting-edge products that range from smart home devices to advanced automotive technologies. The show serves as a platform for unveiling groundbreaking advancements, including developments in Edge AI, and offers a glimpse into the future of technology that shapes our everyday lives. With its dynamic presentations and networking opportunities, CES continues to play a pivotal role in the evolution of the consumer electronics landscape.

Enhancing Wearable Technology

Wearable devices, such as fitness trackers and smartwatches, significantly benefit from Edge AI. These gadgets monitor vital signs, track physical activity, and provide personalized health insights in real-time. Processing data on the device allows for immediate feedback and recommendations without constant internet access.

The Apple Watch Series 4 through Series 9 exemplify this, featuring advanced sensors and algorithms for continuous heart rate monitoring, detection of arrhythmias, and automatic fall detection. Notably, the ability to perform an electrocardiogram (ECG) straight from the wrist showcases its Edge AI capabilities. The latest watchOS versions further integrate these features.

Android devices running on Wear OS, like the Samsung Galaxy Watch 4, also incorporate robust health monitoring features, including blood oxygen levels, VO2 max, and sleep analysis. These wearables utilize Edge AI to provide real-time feedback on workouts and health trends, ensuring user privacy and quick response times by keeping data processing local.

Health Monitoring at Home

Another significant application of Edge AI can be found in smart homes within health monitoring devices. Fitness trackers and smartwatches incorporate advanced algorithms to track your physical activity, monitor vital signs, detect irregularities, and provide real-time health insights. Smart scales and blood pressure monitors equipped with Edge AI can offer precise data analysis locally, ensuring greater privacy and swift feedback for users.

Smart scales like the Withings Body+ deliver detailed body composition readings, including fat, muscle, and bone mass, all processed on-device to ensure quick and private data assessment. Blood pressure monitors such as the Omron HeartGuide, which uses Edge AI to detect hypertension and irregular heartbeats, also provide instant feedback, alerting users to seek medical advice if necessary.

Additionally, devices like the Oura Ring go beyond basic fitness tracking to offer personalized health insights by monitoring sleep patterns, readiness scores, and overall wellness metrics using Edge AI. By keeping data processing local, these devices ensure user privacy while delivering instant and accurate health information, making Edge AI a game-changer in home health monitoring.

Transforming Smart Homes

Edge AI is at the heart of the smart home revolution. Devices like smart thermostats, security cameras, and voice assistants are becoming increasingly intelligent and responsive. Imagine a smart thermostat that not only adjusts the temperature based on your preferences but also learns your schedule and adapts accordingly. By processing data locally, these devices offer immediate responses and enhanced privacy, as sensitive information never leaves the home.

Smart security cameras equipped with Edge AI can distinguish between a pet and an intruder, reducing false alarms and providing more accurate monitoring. Voice assistants, like Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant, benefit from faster response times and improved privacy by processing voice commands directly on the device.

Enhanced Entertainment Systems

Edge AI is also transforming the way we experience entertainment at home. Smart televisions and streaming devices are becoming more adept at personalizing content based on individual viewing habits. By utilizing Edge AI, these devices can recommend movies and shows that align with your preferences and viewing history, providing a tailored entertainment experience without necessitating data transfers to external servers.

Gaming consoles like the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X use Edge AI to optimize performance and enrich user experiences. These consoles employ machine learning to improve graphics, reduce latency, and provide real-time adjustments tailored to the player’s style. AI-driven graphics rendering adapts to player actions, delivering smoother transitions and more realistic visuals. By keeping data processing within the device, Edge AI ensures faster response times and maintains user privacy.

Intelligent Appliances

Intelligent Appliances

Household appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, and ovens are also benefiting from Edge AI technologies. Imagine a refrigerator that can monitor its contents, suggest recipes, and create a shopping list. Washing machines can optimize settings for the laundry load and fabric type, while smart ovens adjust cooking times to ensure perfectly cooked meals. The use of Edge AI in consumer electronics brings a new level of convenience, efficiency, and personalization, transforming our daily interaction with technology.

For example, the LG InstaView ThinQ refrigerator, for instance, tracks stored items and suggests recipes, syncing with your smartphone to create shopping lists. The Samsung FlexWash washer and FlexDry dryer use AI to suggest the optimal wash cycle, adjusting water levels and cycle times to ensure a perfect wash. Smart ovens like the June Oven leverage AI to recognize food types and automatically adjust cooking settings, while an app allows real-time monitoring and alerts.

Improved Connectivity and Interoperability

Edge AI enables better connectivity and seamless integration of various smart devices in a home, ensuring your smart home ecosystem operates harmoniously. Devices communicate efficiently and cohesively respond to a user’s commands, enhancing convenience and functionality. For instance, smart lights can dim automatically when you start a movie, or your home security system can arm itself when you leave the house based on learned behaviors and routines.

Philips Hue smart lighting can sync with your entertainment setup to provide an immersive lighting experience that adjusts based on your viewing content. When connected with smart speakers like Amazon Echo or Google Nest, the system can also be controlled via voice commands. In-home security, the Nest Secure alarm system integrates with an array of smart products like cameras, locks, and lights, performing tasks such as locking doors and turning off lights when the alarm is set.

Smart thermostats like Ecobee or Nest Learning Thermostat not only adjust temperatures based on your schedule but also work with other smart devices to optimize energy use, such as activating ceiling fans or opening smart blinds. By creating a network where devices interact seamlessly, Edge AI ensures that your smart home adapts to your lifestyle, offering an integrated, efficient, and intuitive living experience.

Revolutionizing Mobile Devices

Edge AI is transforming smartphones into powerful, intelligent devices capable of performing complex tasks without relying on cloud-based services. With Edge AI, smartphones can offer features like real-time language translation, enhanced photo and video editing, and advanced security measures.

Imagine traveling to a foreign country and using your smartphone to translate conversations in real-time, or capturing stunning photos and videos with AI-powered enhancements. Edge AI also plays a crucial role in boosting smartphone security by enabling features like facial recognition and biometric authentication, ensuring that your data remains secure.

Pros and Cons of Edge AI in Consumer Electronics

Edge AI brings a multitude of advantages to consumer electronics. By processing data locally, it offers faster response times and reduced latency, resulting in more immediate and efficient interactions. Enhanced privacy is another major benefit, as sensitive information remains on the device, reducing the risk of data breaches. Additionally, Edge AI devices can function without constant internet connectivity, making them more reliable and accessible in areas with limited internet access.

However, there are also some drawbacks. The integration of Edge AI technology can increase the cost of consumer electronics, making them less affordable for some consumers. Furthermore, local devices may have limited processing power compared to centralized cloud servers, potentially limiting the complexity and scope of AI applications. Another challenge is keeping Edge AI devices up-to-date with the latest algorithms and software, which can be more difficult compared to centralized cloud-based solutions.

Conclusion

Edge AI is revolutionizing consumer electronics, bringing faster processing, enhanced privacy, and improved user experiences to various devices. From smart homes to wearable technology and mobile devices, Edge AI is shaping the future of technology in ways we could only have imagined a few years ago.
While there are challenges to overcome, the benefits of Edge AI far outweigh the drawbacks, making it a crucial tool for businesses and consumers alike. Stay tuned for our next blog, where we’ll explore the exciting world of Edge AI IoT Devices and Smart Sensors. In the meantime, consider how Edge AI could enhance your business and personal life—it’s time to embrace the future of technology.

The Future of Personalization: How the Internet of Behaviors is Crafting Individual Experiences

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IOB Contextual Targeting

Throughout this blog series, we’ve explored various facets of IoB, from its application in smart cities to its role in behavioral analytics. By examining how IoB is revolutionizing personalization and enabling precision targeting, we aim to offer a comprehensive understanding of this burgeoning field. Whether creating tailored experiences or enhancing engagement through data-driven insights, IoB leads modern technological advancement.

In today’s digital landscape, the Internet of Behaviors (IoB) has become a transformative force, changing how businesses approach personalization and targeting. For tech executives, CMOs, CTOs, and business owners, understanding and leveraging IoB can provide a significant competitive edge. This blog delves into IoB’s profound effects on personalization and targeting and connects it to our previous discussion on behavioral analytics. Let’s explore how IoB is shaping future business strategies.

Introduction to IoB in Personalization and Targeting

IoB in Personalization and Targeting

As consumers interact with digital platforms, they generate vast amounts of data. IoB leverages this data to gain insights into user behaviors, preferences, and patterns. By analyzing these behaviors, businesses can craft highly personalized experiences that resonate with individual users. The result? Enhanced targeting, increased engagement, and improved conversion rates. This shift towards personalization is not just a trend but a necessity in today’s customer-centric market. IoB enables companies to deliver hyper-relevant messages and offers at the right time, in the right context, and through the right channels.

By continuously monitoring and analyzing consumer behavior, IoB enables businesses to stay ahead of shifting trends and adapt their strategies in real-time. This dynamic approach not only enhances the consumer experience but also builds brand loyalty, as customers feel understood and valued. Furthermore, IoB-driven insights allow for more precise segmentation, ensuring that marketing efforts are well-spent on the appropriate audiences. Ultimately, the integration of IoB in personalization and targeting processes empowers businesses to maximize their ROI and foster long-term relationships with their customers.

The Power of Contextual Targeting

Context is crucial for personalization. With access to data from multiple sources like websites, social media, and location-based services, IoB provides a comprehensive view of customers. This enables businesses to understand not just what consumers are doing, but why. By leveraging this data, companies can tailor their messaging and offers to fit a user’s current situation, needs, and preferences. For instance, a retail brand can use IoB to send personalized promotions to shoppers who have shown interest in specific products. Contextual targeting helps businesses refine their customer journey maps, identifying pain points and optimizing interactions for a seamless experience. This leads to improved customer satisfaction, reduced friction, and a more cohesive brand experience, ultimately driving loyalty and long-term success.

Enhanced User Experience through Personalization

IOB User Experience

One of the most significant benefits of IoB in personalization is the ability to deliver tailored content and experiences. By understanding individual user behaviors, businesses can provide recommendations, offers, and content that align with each user’s interests. For example, e-commerce platforms like ShopEase leverage IoB to create seamless shopping journeys. ShopEase collects data from various touchpoints, constructing comprehensive profiles for each user. This enables the platform to personalize product suggestions, driving higher sales and customer satisfaction. Moreover, IoB extends to customer support, where virtual assistants and chatbots use behavioral data to anticipate needs and provide timely responses, enhancing overall user experience.

The Ethical Implications of IoB in Personalization

While IoB offers vast benefits in personalization, it also presents ethical considerations. Companies must responsibly and transparently handle sensitive data, ensuring explicit user consent and robust privacy measures. Ethical practices are essential to maintain consumer trust as IoB evolves. Moreover, businesses must address potential algorithmic biases in IoB-driven personalization, which could reinforce stereotypes or exclude users. Regular audits, diverse development teams, and transparency in data use can help mitigate these risks. By prioritizing these measures, businesses can ensure their IoB strategies are both effective and equitable for all users.

Precision in Marketing Efforts

IOB Marketing Efforts

IoB enables precise targeting by allowing businesses to segment their audience based on behavior, complementing traditional demographic-based targeting with behavioral data. This comprehensive understanding leads to more effective marketing campaigns, as tailored messages and offers resonate with specific user segments. For instance, CMOs can use IoB data to identify high-value customers and create targeted campaigns that yield higher ROI.

By leveraging IoB data, businesses can also employ real-time marketing strategies that adjust based on current customer behaviors and conditions. This dynamic approach ensures the relevance and timeliness of marketing messages. For example, a travel agency could send personalized destination recommendations based on recent travel searches, while retailers might push real-time discounts to nearby customers to drive immediate foot traffic. This precision and responsiveness not only enhance customer engagement but also improve the effectiveness of marketing efforts, increasing conversions and fostering customer loyalty.

Improved Customer Retention

IOB Customer Retention

Understanding customer behavior is key to retention. IoB allows businesses to anticipate customer needs and proactively address potential issues. By analyzing patterns in user behavior, companies can identify signs of churn and implement retention strategies. For example, subscription-based services can use IoB to detect when a user is likely to cancel and offer personalized incentives to retain them. This proactive approach not only reduces churn but also strengthens customer loyalty. By leveraging IoB-driven insights, companies can implement more tailored and timely interventions that resonate with their customers on a personal level.

Integration with Behavioral Analytics

Our previous discussion on IoB in behavioral analytics highlighted the importance of understanding user behavior to drive business decisions. When combined with personalization and targeting, IoB provides a comprehensive framework for optimizing customer interactions. Behavioral analytics offers insights into why users behave a certain way, while IoB focuses on leveraging these behaviors for targeted actions. This synergy enhances the effectiveness of both personalization and targeting strategies, creating a seamless customer experience. By combining the strengths of IoB and behavioral analytics, businesses can create highly adaptive and responsive customer engagement models. This integration allows for continuous learning and adjustment based on real-time data, ensuring that marketing efforts remain pertinent and effective.

Cons

Collecting and analyzing behavioral data raises significant privacy concerns that need to be addressed to maintain user trust. Ensuring the security of sensitive user data is paramount to protect against breaches and misuse. The implementation complexity of integrating IoB into existing systems can be both resource-intensive and challenging, requiring substantial investment in time and technology. Moreover, the effectiveness of IoB is highly dependent on the quality and accuracy of the data collected; poor data quality can lead to ineffective or misleading insights. Finally, adhering to data protection regulations is crucial for compliance, as failure to do so can result in legal repercussions and diminished consumer confidence.

The Future of IoB in Personalization and Targeting

IOB Future of IoB in Personalization and Targeting

Looking ahead, the future of IoB in personalization and targeting is promising yet challenging. As technology continues to advance, the potential for even more granular and real-time personalization will grow. However, businesses must navigate privacy concerns and regulatory landscapes carefully. The integration of IoB with emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning will further enhance its capabilities, providing deeper insights and more precise targeting. Companies that invest in robust IoB strategies will be well-positioned to thrive in the competitive digital marketplace. Overall, IoB is transforming the way businesses interact with their customers and will continue to shape the future of personalization and targeting in the years to come. So, it is essential for companies to embrace this technology and put ethical frameworks in place to ensure responsible use of user data for a seamless and personalized customer experience.

Conclusion

The Internet of Behaviors (IoB) represents a revolutionary way to understand and influence user behavior through data. Throughout this blog series, we’ve explored various aspects of IoB, from smart cities to behavioral analytics, and its impact on personalization and targeting. It’s clear that IoB has the potential to transform customer interactions, urban management, and business strategies. However, businesses must implement ethical practices and robust data protection measures to build trust. Leveraging behavioral data enables companies to deliver tailored experiences, driving engagement, conversions, and retention. While promising, IoB also presents challenges that need careful navigation. Tech executives, CMOs, and business owners must embrace IoB to stay competitive and succeed in a more personalized future.

Smart Cities: Transforming Urban Living for a Sustainable Future

Smart City
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The Internet of Behaviors (IoB) is transforming how we interact with technology and data. By leveraging insights from user behaviors, IoB aims to enhance user experiences, streamline operations, and drive innovation across various sectors. Among its most promising applications is within the realm of smart cities. IoB smart cities are designed to create more efficient, sustainable, and livable urban environments by integrating IoT devices, data analytics, and behavioral insights. In this blog, we’ll delve into what makes IoB smart cities a blueprint for the future. 

The Rise of Smart Cities

The concept of smart cities revolves around creating environments that are not only technologically advanced but also focused on improving the everyday experiences of their inhabitants. At the core, smart cities utilize a network of interconnected devices and systems—often referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT) —to gather real-time data. This extensive data collection enables city planners and administrators to make informed decisions on urban planning and management.

For instance, smart transportation systems can reduce traffic congestion and improve public transit efficiency by analyzing patterns and predicting travel demands. Similarly, smart grids help optimize energy consumption, leading to more sustainable power usage and reduced environmental impact. Waste management systems benefit from sensors that monitor bin levels and dynamically adjust collection routes, ensuring efficient resource use and cleaner urban spaces. Public services such as street lighting, emergency response, and even healthcare are enhanced through data-driven approaches that adapt to the needs of residents.

Overall, the vision of a smart city is to seamlessly integrate technology and data into the urban fabric, creating a responsive, adaptive, and holistic environment that prioritizes the well-being of its citizens while managing resources judiciously.

The Importance of IoB Smart Cities

Internet Of Behaviors

The importance of IoB smart cities cannot be overstated. They represent a critical step towards creating urban environments that are not only more efficient and sustainable but also more responsive to the needs and behaviors of their inhabitants. By harnessing the power of data, IoB smart cities can optimize resource allocation, enhance public services, and foster economic growth, ultimately improving the quality of life for their residents. As we continue to explore the potential of IoB, smart cities will undoubtedly play a significant role in shaping our future. So, it is crucial to monitor and regulate their development carefully. IoB smart cities can pave the way toward a smarter, more connected, and sustainable future with proper planning and consideration for ethical and privacy concerns. 

As we continue to innovate and expand our understanding of IoB, the potential for smart cities will only continue to grow. By embracing the principles of sustainability, efficiency, and citizen-centric design, IoB smart cities have the power to create a better world for all. With careful planning and consideration for ethical and privacy concerns, these cities can pave the way toward a smarter, more connected, and sustainable future.

Benefits of IoB Smart Cities

One of the primary advantages of IoB smart cities is their contribution to sustainability and the environment. Utilizing green energy solutions such as solar panels and wind turbines, these cities can significantly reduce their carbon footprint. Additionally, advanced waste management systems powered by IoB technologies enable efficient sorting and recycling processes, leading to reduced landfill usage. Air quality monitoring devices provide real-time data, helping to mitigate pollution and protect public health. Water conservation efforts are also enhanced through smart metering and leak detection technologies, ensuring sustainable water usage. Overall, IoB smart cities promote sustainable living and contribute to a healthier environment.

Urban Mobility

IOB Smart City

Urban mobility is another area where IoB smart cities excel. Autonomous vehicles, guided by IoB data, promise to reduce traffic congestion and lower accident rates, offering a safer and more efficient mode of transport. Innovations in public transport include real-time scheduling and route optimization based on passenger behavior and preferences. Bike-sharing programs, powered by IoB, provide a flexible and eco-friendly alternative to traditional transportation methods. Advanced traffic management systems use data analytics to adjust traffic signals dynamically, reducing wait times and improving overall traffic flow. These advancements contribute to a more streamlined and efficient urban mobility experience.

Public Safety and Security

Smart Governance

Public safety and security are paramount in IoB smart cities. Modern surveillance systems equipped with facial recognition and behavior analysis can preemptively identify and address potential security threats. Emergency response technologies, such as connected fire alarms and medical alert systems, ensure rapid assistance during crises. Cybersecurity measures are crucial to protect the vast amounts of data generated and stored within IoB ecosystems, safeguarding both infrastructure and citizen information from malicious attacks. Through these technological advancements, IoB smart cities create a safer and more secure environment for their citizens.

Healthcare

In terms of healthcare and well-being, IoB plays a transformative role. Telemedicine services allow for remote consultations, making healthcare more accessible, especially in underserved areas. Smart hospitals utilize IoB technologies for patient monitoring, resource management, and operational efficiency, improving the overall standard of care. Wearable health monitoring systems enable individuals to track their vital signs and receive personalized health advice. Public health data collected through IoB devices aid in the early detection and management of disease outbreaks, promoting a healthier community. These advancements in healthcare and well-being, powered by IoB, contribute to a better quality of life for citizens.

Smart Governance

iOB governance

Smart governance is another cornerstone of IoB smart cities. E-governance platforms facilitate seamless interaction between citizens and government bodies, improving service delivery and citizen satisfaction. Data-driven decision-making ensures that policies and initiatives are based on accurate and timely information, enhancing their efficacy. Citizen services, such as online portals for utilities and permits, simplify processes and reduce administrative burdens. Open data initiatives enable citizens to access and analyze government data, fostering transparency and accountability. Through these digital advancements, IoB smart cities promote efficient, transparent, and responsive governance.

Connectivity in IoB Communities

Smart City Grid

Communities within IoB smart cities are connected through a seamless network of IoT devices and data platforms. This interconnectedness enables real-time communication and collaboration across various sectors. For example, smart grids dynamically balance energy supply and demand, while smart street lighting adjusts based on pedestrian and vehicular traffic patterns. Public transport systems communicate with traffic management centers to optimize routes and schedules, ensuring efficient and reliable service. These connected communities also foster citizen engagement and participation through social media platforms and community forums, allowing for input and feedback on various initiatives. The connectivity in IoB communities promotes a sense of belonging and enables collaboration towards shared goals, ultimately creating a more cohesive society.

Furthermore, IoB technologies facilitate community engagement. Residents can provide feedback and report issues through mobile apps, contributing to continuous improvement and fostering a sense of ownership and participation. Social media platforms and online forums enable the sharing of experiences and ideas, strengthening community bonds.

Cons of IoB Smart Cities

Despite their numerous benefits, IoB smart cities have challenges. The reliance on extensive data collection raises significant privacy concerns. Ensuring that personal information is securely stored and ethically used is paramount to maintaining public trust. Additionally, the high cost of implementation and maintenance can be a barrier for some municipalities. Integrating diverse technologies requires substantial investment in infrastructure and ongoing operational costs. 

There is also the risk of technological obsolescence. As new technologies emerge, existing systems may become outdated quickly, necessitating continuous upgrades and investments. Interoperability issues arise when integrating multiple IoT devices and platforms, potentially leading to inefficiencies and increased complexity. Finally, the need for standardization and regulations for IoB technologies can create compliance challenges and hinder widespread adoption. Policymakers and industry leaders need to address these concerns and establish guidelines to ensure the responsible implementation of IoB in smart cities.

The Future of IoB Smart Cities

Machine Learning

Looking ahead, the potential of IoB smart cities is immense. Future developments may include even more sophisticated AI and machine learning algorithms capable of predicting and responding to urban challenges with unprecedented accuracy. Enhanced connectivity through 5G networks will provide faster and more reliable communication between devices, enabling more complex and integrated solutions. As the IoB ecosystem continues to expand, it will also create new job opportunities in fields such as data science and cyber security. However, careful consideration must be given to data privacy and security as these technologies continue to evolve. As technology continues to shape the world around us, IoB smart cities will play a crucial role in how we design and manage our urban environments. By leveraging the power of data, connectivity, and citizen engagement, these cities have the potential to become more sustainable, efficient, and responsive

We can also expect advancements in autonomous systems, from self-driving cars to drone-based delivery services, further revolutionizing urban mobility and logistics. The integration of virtual and augmented reality technologies may offer new ways for citizens to interact with their environment, from virtual city tours to augmented reality navigation aids. The possibilities are endless, and as we continue to push the boundaries of what is possible with IoB, smart cities will continue to evolve and shape the world around us. Municipalities, policymakers, and industry leaders need to work together to ensure the responsible and ethical development of IoB smart cities for the betterment of society as a whole. With careful planning, collaboration, and consideration for all stakeholders, we can create a future where technology enhances our lives and makes our cities smarter, more connected, and more sustainable than ever before.

Conclusion

IoB smart cities represent a promising vision for the future of urban living. By integrating IoT devices, data analytics, and behavioral insights, these cities can achieve greater efficiency, sustainability, and quality of life for their residents. However, addressing privacy, cost, and technological obsolescence challenges is crucial for realizing their full potential.

As we continue to explore the possibilities of IoB, the next frontier lies in its application to behavioral analysis, which will be the focus of our upcoming blog. In our next blog, we will dive deeper into how IoB revolutionizes behavioral analysis, offering new insights into human behavior and driving innovations across various sectors.

How Zigbee Pro Makes Life Easier for IoT Developers

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The IoT has proliferated our everyday lives in a growing variety of ways. In 2021, there were more than 10 billion active IoT devices. That number is expected to grow past 25.4 billion by 2030. IoT solutions will generate $4-11 trillion in economic value by 2025.

Hundreds of manufacturers create IoT devices of all varieties—interoperability is necessity. In order to facilitate this, IoT developers generally adhere to a communications protocol known as Zigbee Pro.

WHAT IS ZIGBEE PRO?

 

Zigbee Pro is a low power, low data rate Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) protocol which streamlines device connections. The goal of the protocol is to deliver a single communications standard that simplifies the nauseating array of proprietary APIs and wireless technologies used by IoT manufacturers.

Zigbee Pro is the latest in a line of protocols. The certification process is facilitated by the Zigbee Alliance—now commonly known as the Connectivity Standards Alliance—which formed in 2002. The Connectivity Standards developed the first version of Zigbee in 2004 and gradually rolled out improved versions until the most current version in 2014.

HOW DOES IT WORK?

Zigbee is composed of a number of layers that form a protocol stack. Each layer contributes functionality to the ones below it, making it easier for developers to deploy these functions without explicitly having to write them. The layers include a radio communication layer based on the IEEE standard 802.15.4, a network layer (Zigbee Pro), the application layer known as Dotdot, and the certification layer which is compliant with the Connectivity Standards Alliance.

One of the focuses of the Zigbee standard is to deliver low-power requirements. Battery powered devices must have a 2 year battery life in order to be certified.

ZIGBEE DEVICES

Mesh networking enables Zigbee networks to operate more consistently than WiFi and Bluetooth. Each device on the network becomes a repeater, which ensures that losing one device won’t affect the other devices in the mesh.

There are three classes of Zigbee devices:

Zigbee Coordinator – The coordinator forms the root of the network tree, storing information about the network and functioning as a repository for security keys. This is generally the hub, bridge, or smart home controller—such as the app from which you control your smart home.

Zigbee Router – The router can run application functions as well as act as an intermediate router to pass data on to other devices. The router is generally a typical IoT device, such as a powered lightbulb.

Zigbee End Device – This is the simplest type of device—requiring the least power and memory to perform the most basic functions. It cannot relay data and its simplicity enables it to be asleep the majority of the time. An example of an end device would be a smart switch or a sensor that only sends a notification when a specific event occurs.

The Zigbee Pro protocol has become the gold standard for IoT developers. Many commercial IoT apps and smart home controllers function under the Zigbee Pro protocol. Examples include: Samsung SmartThings Hub, Amazon Echo, and the Philips Hue Bridge.

How the Internet of Behaviors Will Shape the Future of Digital Marketing

Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning, Digital Marketing, Internet of Things, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

In the digital age, businesses need to leverage every possible platform and cutting-edge technology in order to get a leg up on the competition. We’ve covered the Internet of Things extensively on the Mystic Media blog, but a new and related tech trend is making waves. This trend is called the Internet of Behaviors and according to Gartner, about 40% of people will have their behavior tracked by the IoB globally by 2023.

WHAT IS THE IOB?

Internet of Behavior, or the IoB, exists at the intersection of technology, data analytics, and behavioral science. The IoB leverages data collected from a variety of sources, including online activities, social media, wearable devices, commercial transactions and IoT devices, in order to deliver insights related to consumers and purchasing behavior.

With devices more interconnected than ever, the IoB tracks, gathers, combines and interprets massive data sets so that businesses can better understand their consumers. Businesses leverage analysis from the IoB to offer more personalized marketing with the goal of influencing consumer decision making.

HOW DOES IT WORK?

Traditionally, a car insurance company would analyze a customer’s driving history in order to determine if they are a good or bad driver. However, in today’s digital age, they might take it a step further and analyze social media profiles in order to “predict” whether a customer is a safe driver. Imagine what insights they could gather from a user’s Google search history or Amazon purchases? Access to large datasets enables large companies to create psychographic profiles and gather an enhanced understanding of their customer base.

Businesses can use the IoB for more than just purchasing decisions. UX designers can leverage insights to deliver more effective customer experiences. Large companies such as Ford are designing autonomous vehicles that change based on the city, modulating behavior based on vehicle traffic, pedestrians, bicycles and more.

GBKSOFT created a mobile application that collects data from wearable devices in order to help golfers improve their skills. The application records each golf ball hit, including the stroke, force, trajectory and angle, and delivers visual recommendations to improve their swing and technique. Insights gathered through data are translated into behavioral trends that are then converted into recommendations to improve the user’s game.

The IoB is all about collecting data that can be translated into behavior which helps companies understand consumer tendencies and translate them into meaningful actions.

CONCERNS

While there is quite a bit of enthusiasm surrounding the potential impact of the IoB for B2C companies, a number of legal concerns come with it. A New York Times article, written by Harvard Business School emeritus professor Shoshana Zuboff, warns of the age of surveillance capitalism where tech behemoths surveil humans with the intent to control their behavior.

Due to the speed at which technology and the ability to collect data has proliferated, privacy and data security are under-regulated and major concerns for consumers. For example, Facebook was applying facial recognition scans in advance of the 2016 election without user’s consent. Cambridge Analytica’s use of psychoanalytic profiles has been the subject of much derision. Momentum for data privacy regulation is growing and since the IoB hinges on the ability for companies to collect and market data, forthcoming regulations could inhibit its impact.

CONCLUSION

Despite regulatory concerns, the IoB is a sector that we expect to see grow over time. As the IoT generates big data and AI evolves to learn how to parse through and analyze it, it’s only natural that companies will take the next step to leverage analysis to enhance their understanding of their customers’ behaviors and use it to their advantage. The IoB is where that next step will take place.

How Bluetooth Became the Gold Standard of Wireless Audio Technology

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Bluetooth technology has established itself over the years as the premiere wireless audio technology and a staple of every smartphone user’s daily mobile experience. From wireless headphones, to speakers, to keyboards, gaming controllers, IoT devices, and instant hotspots—Bluetooth is used for a growing variety of functions every year.

While Bluetooth is now a household name, the path to popularity was built over the course of over 20 years.

CONCEPTION

In 1994, Dr. Jaap Haartsen—an electrical engineer working for Ericsson’s Mobile Terminal Division in Lund—was tasked with creating an indoor wireless communication system for short-range radio connections. He ultimately created the Bluetooth protocol. Named after the renowned Viking king who united Denmark and Norway in 958 AD, the Bluetooth protocol was designed to replace RS-232 telecommunication cables using short range UHF radio waves between 2.4 and 2.485 GHz.

In 1998, he helped create the Bluetooth Special Interest Group, driving the standardization of the Bluetooth radio interface and obtaining worldwide regulatory approval for Bluetooth technology. To this day, Bluetooth SIG publishes and promotes the Bluetooth standard as well as revisions.

BLUETOOTH REACHES CONSUMERS

In 1999, Ericsson introduced the first major Bluetooth product for consumers in the form of a hands-free mobile headset. The headset won the “Best of Show Technology” award at COMDEX and was equipped with Bluetooth 1.0.

Each iteration of Bluetooth has three main distinguishing factors:

  • Range
  • Data speed
  • Power consumption

The strength of these factors is determined by both the modulation scheme and data packet employed. As you might imagine, Bluetooth 1.0 was far slower than the Bluetooth we’ve become accustomed to in 2021. Data speeds capped at 1Mbps with a range up to 10 meters. While we use Bluetooth to listen to audio on a regular basis today, it was hardly equipped to handle music and primarily designed for wireless voice calls.

THE BLUETOOTH EVOLUTION

The Bluetooth we currently enjoy in 2021 is version 5. Over the years, Bluetooth’s range, data speed, and power consumption have increased dramatically.

In 2004, Bluetooth 2.0 focused on enhancing the data rate, pushing from 0.7Mbps in version 1 to 1-3Mbps while increasing range from 10m to 30m. Bluetooth 3.0 increased speeds in 2009, allowing up to 24Mbps.

In 2011, Bluetooth 4.0 introduced a major innovation in BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy). BLE is an alternate Bluetooth segment designed for very low power operation. It enables major flexibility to build products that meet the unique connectivity requirements of their market. BLE is tailored toward burst-like communications, remaining in sleep mode before and after the connection initiates. The decreased power consumption takes IoT devices like industrial monitoring sensors, blood pressure monitoring, and Fitbit devices to the next level. These devices can employ BLE to run at 1Mbps at very low power consumption rates. In addition to lowering the power consumption, Bluetooth 4.0 doubles the typical maximum range from 30m in Bluetooth 3.0 to 60m.

BLUETOOTH 5

Bluetooth 5 is the latest version of the technology. Bluetooth 5 doubles the bandwidth by doubling the speed of transmission. In addition, it quadruples the typical max range, bringing it up to 240m. Bluetooth 5 also introduces Bluetooth Low Energy audio, which enables one device to share audio with multiple other devices.

CONCLUSION

Bluetooth is a game-changing technology which stands to revolutionize more than just audio. IoT devices, health tech, and more stand to improve as the Bluetooth SIG continues to upgrade the protocol. After thirty years of improvement, the possibilities remain vast for savvy developers to take advantage of the latest Bluetooth protocols to build futuristic wireless technologies.

Cloud-Powered Microdroid Expands Possibilities for Android App Developers

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Android developers have a lot to look forward to in 2021, 2022, and beyond. Blockchain may decentralize how Android apps are developed, Flutter will see increased adoption for cross-platform development, and we expect big strides in AR and VR for the platform. Among the top trends in Android development, one potential innovation has caught the attention of savvy app developers: Microdroid.

Android developers and blogs were astir earlier this year when Google engineer Jiyong Park announced via the Android Open Source Project that they are working on a new, minimal Android-based Linux image called Microdroid.

Details about the project are scant, but it’s widely believed that Microdroid will essentially be a lighter version of the Android system image designed to function on virtual machines. Google is preparing for a world in which even smartphone OS’s require a stripped-down version that can be run through the cloud.

Working from a truncated Linux, Microdroid will pull the system image from the device (tablet or phone), creating a simulated environment accessible from any remote device. It has the ability to enable a world in which users can access Google Play and any Android app using any device.

What does this mean for developers?

Microdroid will open up new possibilities for Android apps in embedded and IoT spaces which require potentially automated management and a contained virtual machine which can mitigate security risks. Cloud gaming, cloud computing—even smartphones with all features stored in the cloud—are possible. Although we will have to wait and see what big plans Google has for Microdroid and how Android developers capitalize on it, at this juncture, it’s looking like the shift to the cloud may entail major changes in how we interact with our devices. App developers are keen to keep their eyes and heads in the cloud.

Although no timeline for release has been revealed yet, we expect more on Microdroid with the announcement of Android 12.

AIoT: How the Intersection of AI and IoT Will Drive Innovation for Decades to Come

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We have covered the evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) over the years as they have gained prominence. IoT devices collect a massive amount of data. Cisco projects by the end of 2021, IoT devices will collect over 800 zettabytes of data per year. Meanwhile, AI algorithms can parse through big data and teach themselves to analyze and identify patterns to make predictions. Both technologies enable a seemingly endless amount of applications retained a massive impact on many industry verticals.

What happens when you merge them? The result is aptly named the AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things) and it will take IoT devices to the next level.

WHAT IS AIOT?

AIoT is any system that integrates AI technologies with IoT infrastructure, enhancing efficiency, human-machine interactions, data management and analytics.

IoT enables devices to collect, store, and analyze big data. Device operators and field engineers typically control devices. AI enhances IoT’s existing systems, enabling them to take the next step to determine and take the appropriate action based on the analysis of the data.

By embedding AI into infrastructure components, including programs, chipsets, and edge computing, AIoT enables intelligent, connected systems to learn, self-correct and self-diagnose potential issues.

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One common example comes in the surveillance field. Surveillance camera can be used as an image sensor, sending every frame to an IoT system which analyzes the feed for certain objects. AI can analyze the frame and only send frames when it detects a specific object—significantly speeding up the process while reducing the amount of data generated since irrelevant frames are excluded.

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While AIoT will no doubt find a variety of applications across industries, the three segments we expect to see the most impact on are wearables, smart cities, and retail.

WEARABLES

Wearable-IoT-Devices

The global wearable device market is estimated to hit more than $87 billion by 2022. AI applications on wearable devices such as smartwatches pose a number of potential applications, particularly in the healthtech sector.

Researchers in Taiwan have been studying the potential for an AIoT wearable system for electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis and cardiac disease detection. The system would integrate a wearable IoT-based system with an AI platform for cardiac disease detection. The wearable collects real-time health data and stores it in a cloud where an AI algorithm detects disease with an average of 94% accuracy. Currently, Apple Watch Series 4 or later includes an ECG app which captures symptoms of irregular, rapid or skipped heartbeats.

Although this device is still in development, we expect to see more coming out of the wearables segment as 5G enables more robust cloud-based processing power, taking the pressure off the devices themselves.

SMART CITIES

We’ve previously explored the future of smart cities in our blog series A Smarter World. With cities eager to invest in improving public safety, transport, and energy efficiency, AIoT will drive innovation in the smart city space.

There are a number of potential applications for AIoT in smart cities. AIoT’s ability to analyze data and act opens up a number of possibilities for optimizing energy consumption for IoT systems. Smart streetlights and energy grids can analyze data to reduce wasted energy without inconveniencing citizens.

Some smart cities have already adopted AIoT applications in the transportation space. New Delhi, which boasts some of the worst traffic in the world, features an Intelligent Transport Management System (ITMS) which makes real-time dynamic decisions on traffic flows to accelerate traffic.

RETAIL

AIoT has the potential to enhance the retail shopping experience with digital augmentation. The same smart cameras we referenced earlier are being used to detect shoplifters. Walmart recently confirmed it has installed smart security cameras in over 1,000 stores.

smart-shopping-cart

One of the big innovations for AIoT involves smart shopping carts. Grocery stores in both Canada and the United States are experimenting with high-tech shopping carts, including one from Caper which uses image recognition and built-in sensors to determine what a person puts into the shopping cart.

The potential for smart shopping carts is vast—these carts will be able to inform customers of deals and promotion, recommend products based on their buying decisions, enable them to view an itemized list of their current purchases, and incorporate indoor navigation to lead them to their desired items.

A smart shopping cart company called IMAGR recently raised $14 million in a pre-Series A funding round, pointing toward a bright future for smart shopping carts.

CONCLUSION

AIoT represents the intersection of AI, IoT, 5G, and big data. 5G enables the cloud processing power for IoT devices to employ AI algorithms to analyze big data to determine and enact action items. These technologies are all relatively young, and as they continue to grow, they will empower innovators to build a smarter future for our world.

The Future of Indoor GPS Part 2: Bluetooth 5.1’s Angle of Arrival Ups the Ante for BLE Beacons

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In the last installment of our blog series on indoor positioning, we examined an overview of the top indoor positioning technologies. This week, we will examine the most precise and popular method: Bluetooth BLE Beacons and how Bluetooth 5.1 enables them to be the most popular indoor positioning tool on the market.

As the world transitions into a wireless society, Bluetooth technology has evolved and gained more and more popularity. Apple’s decision to remove 1/8th inch audio ports from their devices, while irksome to many consumers, was a definitive move in the direction of Bluetooth.

The growing market for indoor positioning has incentivized an evolution in the landscape of Bluetooth technology. The first consumer bluetooth device was launched in 1999. This year, the world is forecasted to ship more than 4.5 billion Bluetooth devices worldwide. Behind the scenes, manufacturers are using Bluetooth technology for asset tracking and warehouse management. Bluetooth 5.1 technology, in concert with Bluetooth BLE Beacons, is the most popular indoor positioning method.

Nordic nRF52840-Dongle
Nordic nRF52840-Dongle

BLUETOOTH 5.1

Announced in January 2019 by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), Bluetooth 5.1 is the latest and most powerful iteration of Bluetooth technology yet.

Bluetooth 5.1 can connect with other devices at a distance of 985 feet, quadruple Bluetooth 4.0. Bluetooth 5.1 improves upon Bluetooth 4.0’s indoor positioning capabilities with Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Angle of Departure (AoD) features. When used for indoor location, Bluetooth 5.1 can provide up to 1-10 centimeters of accuracy with very little lag. At 48MBps, Bluetooth 5.1 is twice as fast as Bluetooth 4.0.

In addition to being faster and more powerful, Bluetooth 5.1 is the continuation of Low Energy LE, consuming less power than previous iterations of Bluetooth.

INDOOR POSITIONING

Bluetooth BLE Beacons are attached to objects, vehicles, devices, etc. and used to track their location. Bluetooth BLE beacons enable Bluetooth devices to communicate with IoT products and other devices. The top suppliers in the  beacon space include Kontakt, Blukii, Minew, Gimbal, Estimote, and EM Microelectronic.

AoA and AoD features are at the core of what enhances positioning technologies in Bluetooth 5.1.

Angle of Arrival diagram via ScienceDirect.com
Angle of Arrival diagram via ScienceDirect.com

In AoA, the  device or tag transmits a specific direction-finding packet using one antenna. The receiving device receives the incoming signal with multiple antennas, each antenna receiving the signal at slightly different times relative to each other. An algorithm factors in the shifts in signal and yields precise coordinate information.

AoD flips the scenario. The device sending the signal has an array of antennas and transmits a packet via the antenna ray. The receiving device then makes an IQ sampling of its antenna to determine the coordinate calculation.

USE CASES

Enhanced indoor positioning enables a number of use cases. In sports stadiums and music venues,  a locating hub near the center of the arena can receive signals from devices using AoA technology and determine location coordinates. Keys, perhaps the most commonly lost object, can be embedded with a sensor and located using a locator hub equipped by a smart home.

Bluetooth BLE Beacons, harnessing Bluetooth 5.1, remain the most cost and energy-efficient method of attaining precise indoor positioning locations.

Stay tuned for the next entry in our Indoor Positioning blog series which will explore the wonders of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology!