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Data Dynamo: Unveiling the Supreme Database Titans of 2024

Database ERD
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Navigating the labyrinth of technological advancement, particularly in the domain of databases, is not only pertinent but also profoundly engaging. As we step into the throes of 2024, the digital infrastructure of businesses is revolutionized by an array of databases, each a juggernaut in its own right. In this cosmos of data storage and retrieval, uncovering the top database technologies is crucial for tech executives and enthusiasts alike. Within this ensemble of digital titans, several database technologies rise to prominence as the pillars of data management. In this blog we meticulously compare and contrast the premier databases of the year to discern their unique strengths and areas of application. 

MySQL:

MySQL remains a top choice for reliability and cost-effectiveness, known for its ease of deployment and management. Its steadfast commitment to ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability) principles ensures the highest level of reliability, essential for modern enterprises.  MySQL’s extensive community support and compatibility with various operating systems make it an ideal solution for businesses of all sizes.

MySQL Database

Beyond these fundamentals, MySQL offers an array of fast-loading utilities accompanied by various memory caches, streamlining the maintenance and administration of servers. Its compatibility with an extensive list of programming languages, with a notable synergy with PHP, means that it can slide seamlessly into almost any technology stack. Moreover, performance is a front-runner, as MySQL delivers high-speed results without having to sacrifice any of its core functionalities.

MySQL, offered by Oracle, provides a balance between cost efficiency and performance. Pricing ranges from $2,140 to $6,420 for 1-4 socket servers and $4,280 to $12,840 for setups over five sockets. Its open-source nature under the GNU GPL enables free usage and customization. Explore MySQL at https://www.mysql.com/.

PostgreSQL:

PostgreSQL ensures Data Integrity with Primary Keys, Foreign Keys, Explicit Locks, Advisory Locks, and Exclusion Constraints. These features orchestrate data access, ensuring transaction consistency and fortifying the database’s resilience against anomalies. PostgreSQL excels in SQL features with Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) for high throughput. It handles complex SQL queries, including full support for SQL Sub-selects, appealing to SQL aficionados. Streaming Replication ensures high availability and disaster recovery.

Postgre SQL

In stark contrast to many other database technologies, PostgreSQL stands as an emblem of community-driven innovation, provided free of charge. This enterprise-grade database system, while lacking a traditional price tag, does not skimp on capabilities, owing to its development and continued refinement to a dedicated cohort of volunteers and backing enterprises. It prides itself on complete freedom of use under the liberal open-source PostgreSQL License. To peek into the extensive world of PostgreSQL or to become part of its vibrant community, head over to https://www.postgresql.org/.

Microsoft SQL Server:

Microsoft SQL Server stands not just as a pillar in the realm of traditional RDBMS (Relational Database Management System Software) but also as an architect of the ever-expanding Big Data landscape. Harnessing its prowess, organizations can construct their elite Data Lakes, serving as grand repositories that amalgamate disparate data, structured or not, into a cohesive pool. This confluence of data empowers users to embark on insightful expeditions across their entire datasets, directly querying the vast lakes without the onerous need to move or replicate precious data.

In the name of security—a paramount concern in today’s data-driven universe—Microsoft SQL Server brings its A-game with cutting-edge tools for data classification, protection, and monitoring. It stands vigilant, constantly scanning for anomalies, and is a fortifying digital fortress with timely alerts on any suspicious activities, security gaps, or configuration errors.

SQL Database

Microsoft SQL Server’s graphical tool empowers users to design, create tables, and explore data without intricate syntax. It seamlessly integrates data from various sources via an extensive connector library. With new transformations in the SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) Tabular Model, users gain advanced capabilities to manipulate and combine data.

Microsoft SQL Server offers diverse editions to suit various enterprise needs. The Enterprise edition is priced at $15,123, while the Standard edition offers options like per-core pricing ($3,945), server pricing ($989), and CAL option ($230). Volume licensing and hosting channels further influence pricing. Learn more at https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server/sql-server-2022-pricing.

MongoDB:

MongoDB’s architecture ensures that scaling to meet the demands of growing data is never an impediment. Thanks to its intrinsic scalability, it can flaunt clusters that burgeon past the hundred-node mark effortlessly, managing millions of documents without breaking a sweat. Its widespread adoption across a myriad of industries is a testament to MongoDB’s capability to handle expansive and intricate datasets. MongoDB ensures high availability through replica sets, guaranteeing uninterrupted service and data durability. In cases of hardware failure, it redistributes load across servers or duplicates data to maintain operational integrity, ensuring a seamless user experience.

Mongo DB

MongoDB, a prominent figure in the NoSQL landscape, provides a free entry point through MongoDB Atlas’s perpetual free tier. Celebrated for scalability and developer-friendliness, MongoDB remains a strong player in data management. Discover more at https://www.mongodb.com/pricing.

Oracle: 

Oracle’s resilience and data recovery features are vital for uninterrupted business operations. Real Application Clusters (RAC) ensure high availability by enabling multiple instances on different servers to access a single database. This fault-tolerant and scalable setup underscores Oracle’s commitment to continuous operation, even during server failures. 

Oracle’s service offerings cater to a wide array of demands, providing precise solutions for diverse business requirements. Starting with the Oracle Database Standard Edition, which offers essential features for typical workloads, users can scale up to the Enterprise Edition for more comprehensive capabilities. Additionally, Oracle provides specialized tiers such as the High Performance and Extreme Performance editions, designed to meet the demands of high-throughput and mission-critical environments. 

Oracle DB

Each tier is carefully crafted to deliver optimal performance and reliability, ensuring that businesses can effectively manage their data infrastructure. Furthermore, Oracle’s pricing structure accommodates varying usage scenarios, with options for flexible scaling based on virtual CPU (vCPU) usage. To review Oracles pricing structure click here. 

Remote Dictionary Server (Redis):

Redis shines in caching and in-memory data handling, offering unparalleled speed and versatility. Supporting various data structures like strings, lists, hashes, bitmaps, HyperLogLogs, and sets, Redis caters to the diverse needs of modern applications. Moreover, Redis seamlessly integrates with popular programming languages like Java, Python, PHP, C, C++, and C#, ensuring compatibility across different development environments and accelerating data-intensive operations.

Redis

Redis offers a dynamic ecosystem where free open-source frameworks coexist with commercial variants. While the community version is free, enterprise solutions like Redis Enterprise, with enhanced features and support, operate on a subscription model. Explore Redis offerings on their website.

Elasticsearch:

Elasticsearch represents the epitome of scalability seamlessly embraced in its design. Out-of-the-box distributed systems are the backbone of its architecture, enabling data to be reliably shared across multiple servers and nodes, hence bolstering higher availability and resilience in the face of demanding workloads.  This design decision is not just a matter of capability; it represents a promise of reliability, ensuring that as data volumes escalate, Elasticsearch stands prepared to accommodate the surge seamlessly. 

Elasticsearch, a prominent member of the NoSQL ecosystem, adopts a dual licensing model, offering users the choice between the Server Side Public License (SSPL) or the Elastic License. This flexibility allows organizations to select the licensing option that best fits their needs and compliance requirements. In addition to its licensing options, Elasticsearch introduces a unique billing system based on Elastic Consumption Units (ECUs), which aligns usage with expenditure. This innovative approach enables organizations to scale their Elasticsearch deployments elastically according to their requirements, without being bound by traditional fixed licensing models. To review Elasticseach’s pricing structure click here .

Oracle DB

Cassandra:

Cassandra excels in fine-tuning consistency levels for data operations, allowing developers to balance performance and accuracy. Its column-family data model adeptly handles semi-structured data, providing structure without compromising schema flexibility. With the Cassandra Query Language (CQL), which resembles SQL, transitioning from traditional databases is simplified. This, coupled with standard APIs, positions Cassandra as a scalable, reliable, and user-friendly database choice, lowering adoption barriers for tech teams.

Apache Cassandra, rapidly rising in the NoSQL landscape, is renowned for its free and open-source nature. For enterprise-grade support and features, commercial vendors offer options. Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra) provides decentralized storage, billing $1.45 per million write request units and $0.29 per million read request units. Explore more at https://cassandra.apache.org/_/index.html.

MariaDB:

MariaDB stands out with advanced features like microsecond precision, crucial for time-sensitive applications, table elimination for optimized query processing, scalar subqueries for enhanced functionality, and parallel replication for faster database synchronization and analytics. Its compatibility with major cloud providers simplifies deployment and management in cloud infrastructures. MariaDB supports various storage engines, including Aria for crash safety, MyRocks for efficiency, and Spider for sharing across servers, offering flexibility and functionality for diverse data types and use cases.

MariaDB is a forerunner in the open-source database community maintaining  its allegiance to cost-effectiveness and robust efficiency. Ideal for newcomers to the AWS ecosystem, the Amazon RDS for MariaDB invites users with its introductory Free Tier – inclusive of substantive resources to pilot their database endeavors. For details on how to harness this SQL-driven database for your transformative projects, consult MariaDB’s central hub.

Database Total

IBM DB2:

DB2 is a trusted enterprise data server, facilitating seamless deployment across on-premises data centers and public/private clouds. Its flexibility enables organizations to adopt hybrid data management approaches aligned with operational needs and strategic goals. DB2 excels in data compression, featuring adaptive compression, value compression, and archive compression, significantly reducing storage footprints and costs. Administrative tasks are simplified with DB2’s self-tuning and self-optimizing features, driven by machine learning. This ensures optimal database performance with minimal intervention, reducing time and effort for routine maintenance and tuning.

IBM

IBM’s offering in the data management framework, DB2, acquaints users with its prowess through a complimentary trial on the IBM Cloud. This gesture extends to a no-strings-attached experience, with an available upgrade to a paid tier at USD 99 per month, comprehensive of full functionality and sweetened by USD 500 in credits. Questers of this high-caliber database solution can embark on their journey by navigating to  https://www.ibm.com/products/db2/pricing.

SQLite:

SQLite’s appeal lies in its simplicity and ease of use. It operates without a separate server process, complex installation, or administration. A complete SQL database is stored in a single cross-platform disk file, requiring no configuration, making it highly portable and ideal for simplicity-focused scenarios. Additionally, SQLite adheres broadly to SQL standards, supporting commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE, making it familiar to developers accustomed to other SQL databases. Being in the public domain, SQLite can be freely used and distributed without any restrictions, fees, or royalties.

SQLite, remaining loyal to the public domain, provides all-inclusive accessibility to its database solutions, with no fees levied for any usage. As the quintessence of an easily embeddable, lightweight relational database engine, SQLite is the go-to for myriad applications across the globe, with Microsoft not just embracing, but actively integrating it. Encounter SQLite in its purest form at its principal domain: SQLite.

Data Lake

Amazon DynamoDB:

DynamoDB provides consistent single-digit millisecond response times for large-scale applications. Its architecture allows seamless, on-demand scaling without manual intervention, ensuring performance under varying demands. Multi-AZ deployments ensure high availability and fault tolerance, with fast failovers and data replication across three Availability Zones for accessibility and security. Native support for document and key-value data models optimizes performance for distinct access patterns, enhancing efficiency.

Amazon DynamoDB offers an attractive free tier with 25 GB of storage and 25 units each of Write and Read Capacity, sufficient for managing 200 million monthly requests. Its On-Demand billing charges $1.25 per million write request units and $0.25 per million read request units, allowing flexibility to scale with demand. Learn more from Amazon’s DynamoDB guide. To review Amazon DynamoDB’s pricing structure click https://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/pricing/.

In Conclusion

While relational databases continue to shoulder the bulk of transactional workloads, NoSQL databases have adeptly found their place in handling the complexities of semi-structured and unstructured data. The choice of database, as always, is contingent on the specific needs and nuances of individual businesses. As we continue to delve into the big data era, it is not just the deployment of databases that is vital but also the synthesis of these technologies with wider business strategies.

Unleashing Molecular Magic: Machine Learning is Transforming Chemical Alchemy

machine learning and chemical alchemy
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With the growing need for computational power and analytical accuracy in various industries, machine learning has created a paradigm shift in the way we process, analyze, and make decisions based on vast amounts of data. In the chemical industry specifically, machine learning has brought about tremendous benefits in the development of new chemical compounds, formulations, and processes.

Machine learning has the potential to outperform traditional methods of chemical development by learning from existing data, predicting results for new scenarios, and continuously improving through iterative processes. This accelerates discovery and reduces the cost of the development of new chemicals. Moreover, machine learning algorithms can process large amounts of data in a fraction of the time it would take for humans, allowing for quicker and more efficient decision-making.

One of the main applications of machine learning in chemical development is in the prediction and optimization of chemical properties. By analyzing large datasets of existing compounds and their properties, machine learning algorithms can identify patterns and relationships between different chemical structures and their corresponding properties. This enables researchers to predict the properties of new compounds with a high degree of accuracy, saving time and resources in the development process.

Additionally, machine learning can also aid in the design of new chemical reactions. By analyzing existing reaction data, algorithms can suggest modifications or substitutions to improve yields and reduce side reactions. This not only speeds up the research and development process but also helps in creating more efficient and sustainable chemical processes.

The Influence of Machine Learning on Chemical Development

3D chemical compound

Revolutionizing Prediction Models

Machine learning has become the vanguard of chemical prediction, breaking free from the shackles of costly and time-consuming experiments. With its cutting-edge algorithms and statistical prowess, it empowers scientists to foresee the chemical properties of compounds and materials swiftly and with unparalleled precision. The result is a renaissance of novel chemical products, previously unfathomable in their complexity. Chemists today are pushing the boundaries of optimization, attaining levels of efficiency and cost-effectiveness that were once mere dreams.

Optimizing Formulations

Machine learning algorithms are the conductors in the orchestra of chemical formulations. They masterfully direct a symphony composed from enormous data sets, creating a melodious blend of chemical innovation. The fruits of this symphonic concoction are nothing short of miraculous: self-repairing polymers, solvents capable of capturing carbon, and robust coatings that stand undeterred in the face of extreme temperatures. These advancements are pushing the very limits of what we thought possible in material innovation.

Productivity Unleashed

Machine learning algorithms act as unwavering workhorses in the field of chemical development, taking the reins of the grueling tasks, and setting free scientists to ascend on the stratosphere of innovation and strategic planning. Consequently, productivity takes flight, as research and development luxuriate in the newly discovered realm of efficiency.

Unlocking New Frontiers

Machine learning’s discerning eye sifts through the avalanche of data to unearth novel chemical applications. It is the compass guiding companies towards uncharted territories, introducing groundbreaking products that cater to the overlooked needs of customers. For instance, consider Zymergen’s alchemy, where machine learning births industrial microorganisms without a touch of conventional chemistry, birthing materials that span the realms of industry, health, personal care, and agriculture.

The Elixir of Drug Discovery

cryptic chemistry set of elixirs

Streamlining the quest for drug discovery through machine learning possesses the oracle’s vision to predict the properties of chemical compounds, simplifying the arduous journey of identifying drug candidates. This leads to a lighter financial burden and a quicker pace, promising remedies and innovations at an unprecedented pace.

Designing Remarkable Materials

In the workshop of materials, machine learning is the virtuoso. Whether it be supercharged batteries, alchemical catalysts, or avant-garde polymers, it crafts tailor-made materials with properties precisely as desired.

Conjuring Chemical Reactions

Witness the sorcerer’s apprentice in the laboratory, where the alchemy of machine learning unfolds. Behold as the algorithm predicts the outcome of chemical reactions with uncanny precision and insight. Aided by its insights, chemists cast fewer experiments into the cauldron, preserving precious time and resources.

Guardian of Safety and Compliance

The ever-vigilant guardian of chemical processes, machine learning algorithms scrutinize copious data to ensure compliance with safety regulations and environmental standards. They ward off accidents and violations, ensuring a sanctuary of safety and integrity.

Healthcare

In the realm of healthcare, machine learning adorns the fabric of personalized medicine, customizing treatments to fit the intricate patterns of an individual’s genetic makeup and medical journey. It ushers in a utopia of healthcare, where the remedy is as exceptional as the patient themselves.

Challenges and Opportunities

Human face with DNA strand

While the benefits of machine learning are manifold, the journey toward fully

 implementing it into the chemical industry is not devoid of challenges. Machine learning, as efficient as it is, craves large, quality datasets – a requirement that can be daunting in an industry where data can sometimes be scarce or inconsistent in quality.

Moreover, the complexity of ML models can sometimes obscure their interpretation, a crucial aspect when it comes to understanding chemical processes and ensuring transparency. This opacity extends to the realm of regulatory compliance, where clarity is non-negotiable. Ethical concerns also arise when machine learning is applied in personalized medicine and drug discovery, particularly around issues of privacy, consent, and data security.

Ensuring that ML models can generalize to different chemical contexts is another challenge, essential for their broad applicability and reliability. However, these challenges, while formidable, are critical to unlocking the full potential of machine learning in the chemical industry. Addressing them will be instrumental in realizing the transformative impact of machine learning in chemical development, paving the way for a more efficient, sustainable, and innovative future for the industry.

Companies that leverage machine learning in chemical development

ExxonMobil: ExxonMobil is utilizing machine learning to improve its chemical manufacturing processes, making them more efficient and sustainable. They have also partnered with MIT’s Energy Initiative to advance research in the energy sector.

Novartis: Pharmaceutical giant Novartis has adopted machine learning for drug discovery, assisting in identifying potential treatments for various diseases. They have also collaborated with Google to develop an AI-based drug discovery platform.

BASF: German chemical company BASF is harnessing machine learning for predictive maintenance, reducing downtime and improving process efficiency. They have also established partnerships with various start-ups and research institutions to explore new applications of ML in the chemical industry.

Merck: Merck & Co is deploying machine learning across its research pipeline in the Boron complex, hoping to develop new drugs at a faster and more effective rate. It is evolving machine learning technology to understand and predict molecular noise.

Zymergen: Zymergen is a startup that integrates machine learning, software engineering, and robotic automation to identify, evaluate, and optimize microbial strains for omics applications. They create innovative materials for industrial, health, personal care, and agriculture quality products.

IBM: IBM’s AI research division is making substantial strides in the intersection of machine learning and chemistry. This global technology powerhouse is exploring ways to harness the power of AI in diverse areas of chemistry, including but not limited to drug discovery, materials science, and chemical optimization. Their innovative work is helping to expedite the design and synthesis of new molecules, opening up fresh possibilities in the world of chemistry.

Schrodinger: Schrodinger is at the forefront of incorporating machine learning into chemical research. With a keen focus on accelerating the pace of drug discovery and materials research, the company presents a range of software solutions that leverage machine learning to simulate and predict molecular properties. Their platform deftly combines computational capabilities with deep scientific insights, allowing researchers to delve deeper into the world of molecules and their myriad potentials.

Future Possibilities

Using VR to create new chemical compounds

The prospective applications of machine learning in the field of chemical development are vast and exciting. Here’s a glimpse into the directions where machine learning is poised to make substantial contributions:

Innovative Material Discoveries: Thanks to ML algorithms, we could see unprecedented materials with specially tailored properties, stirring innovations in domains like energy storage, catalysis, and sophisticated materials.

Environmental Considerations: ML technology could assist in making chemical processes greener by reducing waste, decreasing emissions, and ensuring adherence to strict environmental policies.

Robotics Integration: The fusion of machine learning with robotics could lead to self-governing experimentation, with robots executing experiments round-the-clock and using AI to assess outcomes and make informed decisions.

Energy Efficiency and Sustainability: ML can aid in the development of sustainable energy solutions and greener chemistry, which is essential for climate change mitigation.

Quantum Computing Integration: The amalgamation of quantum computing with machine learning could push the boundaries of solving intricate chemical problems by simulating quantum systems more effectively.

Enhanced Research Collaboration: Machine learning could facilitate faster analysis and sharing of research findings and data on a global scale, fostering worldwide collaboration among institutions.

alchemy set

In summary, the future trajectory of machine learning in chemical development points towards significant strides in research, innovation, and sustainability, steering the chemical industry towards heightened efficiency and environmental responsibility. As more companies and institutions explore the potential of machine learning, we can expect to see even more groundbreaking applications in this dynamic field. With its transformative capabilities, machine learning is paving the way for a brighter future for chemistry and all its allied industries.

Machine learning has emerged as a powerful tool in chemical development, providing significant benefits to the industry’s efficiency, accuracy, and innovation. The integration of machine learning and chemical development has opened up unprecedented possibilities that could revolutionize the world. In conclusion, it’s not a matter of whether machine learning will shape the chemistry industry but more of when and how it would shape the industry. Companies that do not integrate machine learning into their chemical processes risk being left behind in what is sure to become a volatile and dynamic market.

With its potential for groundbreaking advancements and significant contributions to sustainability, it’s clear that machine learning has a bright future in the world of chemistry. So, buckle up and get ready to witness the unprecedented transformation of the chemical industry with machine learning at its core.

How Brain Computer Interfaces Will Change the Way We Interact with Our Devices

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Imagine opening an app on your phone and setting exactly how long you’d like to sleep, how much REM you need, and your exact wake up time. Your settings are then executed flawlessly, giving you exactly the sleep you need without the hassle of counting sheep.

It sounds like science fiction, but it’s far from it. Major entrepreneurs like Gabe Newell believe it will be one of the early applications when Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) become mainstream.

BCIs are a burgeoning new healthcare technology with massive potential. Companies like Elon Musk’s Neuralink, Gabe Newell’s Valve, and Synchron are making major headway in the field, which is inching toward mass market.

HOW DOES IT WORK?

BCIs essentially use software to decipher the chemical and electrical signals coming out of people’s brains and translate them into clicks or keystrokes on a computer or mobile device or even movement on a prosthetic arm.

Hans Berger discovered electrical activity in the human brain in 1924. This paved the way for Jacques Vidal to coin the term Brain Computer Interface in his 1973 paper “Toward Direct Brain-Computer Communications”. BCIs were first tested on monkeys in the 1970s while the first endeavors on human beings were performed in the 1990s.

The main thrust of today’s BCI research is dedicated toward building solutions which will help paralyzed people control assistive devices. Beyond healthcare, there are endless potential applications for BCIs. For example, BCIs could create significantly more immersive gaming experiences in which the gamer’s thoughts move the on-screen avatar.

HR companies could use BCIs to improve employee performance by sending an alert when they sense an employee’s attention levels are down or preventing them from operating heavy machinery when they are drowsy.

The medical community has a vested interest in seeing this technology develop. It could change the lives of generations of disabled people in the near future. As BCI start-up Paradromics put it: “The potential for BCI technology is only as impactful as how well it serves the immediate needs of patients with motor & communication impairments.”

INVASIVE BCI VS. NON-INVASIVE BCI

There are essentially two types of BCIs: invasive and non-invasive.

Invasive BCIs involve a surgical implant of the device into the skull of the user. In ECOG (electrocorticography), an electrode plate is placed directly on the brain’s surface to measure its electrical activity. A second technique known as intracortical microelectrodes involves an implant that has two applications—stimulating and recording. Applications for stimulating incorporate sensory prosthetics—such as cochlear implants which provide the sensation of sound for the deaf.

Surgeries that require doctors to open up a patient’s skull are dicey to say the least. Non-invasive BCIs avoid this altogether. They can work using a variety of non-invasive technologies to measure brain activity, including EEG (electroencephalography), ERP (Event Related Potentials), MEG (Magnetoencephalography), fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resistance Imaging) or fNIRS (Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy).

ELON MUSK AND NEURALINK

Elon Musk founded Neuralink in 2016. Their goal was to create a device that would translate a person’s thoughts into actions. They have implanted chips into animals and notably released a video of a macaque monkey playing video games with its mind.

Although Neuralink is one of the major players of BCIs, they have lagged behind other companies in the field. Neuralink has yet to implant a BCI in humans. Their devices require highly invasive head implants which have drawn complaints from animal rights activists.

GABE NEWELL AND VALVE

Another notable player in BCIs today is Gabe Newell, founder of the gaming company Valve. Valve’s goal is to use OpenBCI headsets to develop an open-source software platform that would make it easier for developers to understand the signals coming from people’s brains.

It could enable software to understand whether a player is enjoying a game and adjust the experience accordingly. He envisions a world where games can adjust their difficulty level depending on how the player is reacting mentally.

SYNCHRON TAKES THE CAKE

Synchron’s stentrode device is currently in the forefront of the market. Synchron beat Neuralink to the punch by securing FDA approval to implant its first device into a US patient. Synchron has an advantage because the stentrode can be inserted into the brain without cutting through a skull or damaging tissue. It’s a major innovation since it can be implanted safely minimizing risk for cerebral damage.

The stentrode is about the size of a AAA battery and can be planted endovascularly rather than through the brain. In fact, it’s so seamless, patients could be sent home the same day. Synchron has already implanted stentrodes into the brains of four patients in Australia suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. All of their patients have had no side-effects and have been able to send messages through WhatsApp as well as make online purchases using the device.

The stentrode is placed close enough to the brain to detect neural signals. Those signals, which could be a thought to move a body part or a cursor on a computer screen, are then relayed out to a computer using Bluetooth technology. In the words of Synchron CEO and founder Dr. Tom Oxley: “People who are paralyzed can still think about moving their body. It’s the muscles that don’t work… We essentially bypass the broken body by taking the information directly out of the brain to control devices that let them live independently.”

WHAT’S NEXT?

We can’t predict how quickly BCIs will become a consumer-facing technology, nor the bevy of applications they will enable. What we do know is that this field is growing and will in all likelihood become a game-changing technology that completely redefines life for the disabled, as well as how we interact with our devices.

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How Chatbots Make Healthcare More Efficient

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In the mid 1960s, Joseph Weizenbaum of the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory created ELIZA, an early natural language processing computer program and the first chatbot therapist. While ELIZA did not change therapy forever, it was a major step forward and one of the first programs capable of taking the Turing Test. Researchers were surprised by the amount of people who attributed human-like feelings to the computer’s responses.

Fast-forward 50 years later, advancements in artificial intelligence and natural language processing enable chatbots to become useful in a number of scenarios. Interest in chatbots has increased by 500% in the past 10 years and the market size is expected reach $1.3 billion by 2025.

Chatbots are becoming commonplace in marketing, customer service, real estate, finance, and more. Healthcare is one of the top 5 industries where chatbots are expected to make an impact. This week, we explore why chatbots appeal to help healthcare providers run a more efficient operation.

SCALABILITY

Chatbots can interact with a large number of users instantly. Their scalability equips them to handle logistical problems with ease. For example, chatbots can make mundane tasks such as scheduling easier by asking basic questions to understand a user’s health issues, matching them with doctors based on available time slots, and integrating with both doctor and patient calendars to create an appointment.

At the onset of the pandemic, Intermountain Healthcare was receiving an overload of inquiries from people who were afraid they may have contracted Covid-19. In order to facilitate the inquiries, Intermountain added extra staff and a dedicated line to their call center, but it wasn’t enough. Ultimately, they turned to artificial intelligence in the form of Scout, a conversational chatbot made by Gyant, to facilitate a basic coronavirus screening which determined if patients were eligible to get tested at a time when the number of tests were limited.

Ultimately, Scout only had to ask very basic questions—but it handled the bevy of inquiries with ease. Chatbots have proved themselves to be particularly useful for understaffed healthcare providers. As they employ AI to learn from previous interactions, they will become more sophisticated which will enable them to take on more robust tasks.

ACCESS

Visiting a doctor can be challenging due to the considerable amount of time it takes to commute. Working people and those without access to reliable transport may prevent them from taking on the hassle of the trip. Chatbots and telehealth in general provide a straightforward solution to these issues, enabling patients to receive insight as to whether an in-person consultation will be necessary.

While chatbots cannot provide medical insight and prognoses, they are effective in collecting and encouraging an awareness of basic data, such as anxiety and weight changes. They can help effectively triage patients through preliminary stages using automated queries and store information which doctors can later reference with ease. Their ability to proliferate information and handle questions will only increase as natural language processing improves.

A PERSONALIZED APPROACH — TO AN EXTENT

Chatbot therapists have come a long way since ELIZA. Developments in NLP, machine learning, and more enable chatbots to deliver helpful, personalized responses to user messages. Chatbots like Woebot are trained to employ cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to aid patients suffering from emotional distress by offering prompts and exercises for reflection. The anonymity of chatbots can help encourage patients to provide more candid answers unafraid of human judgment.

However, chatbots have yet to achieve one of the most important features a medical provider should have: empathy. Each individual is different, some may be scared away by formal talk and prefer casual conversation while for others, formality may be of the utmost importance. Given the delicacy of health matters, a lack of human sensitivity is a major flaw.

While chatbots can help manage a number of logistical tasks to make life easier for patients and providers, their application will be limited until they can gauge people’s tone and understand context. If recent advances in NLP and AI serve any indication, that time is soon to come.

HL7 Protocol Enhances Medical Data Transmissions–But Is It Secure?

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In our last blog, we examined how DICOM became the standard format for transmitting files in medical imaging technology. As software developers, we frequently find ourselves working in the medical technology field navigating new formats and devices which require specialized attention.

This week, we will jump into one of the standards all medical technology developers should understand: the HL7 protocol.

The HL7 protocol is a set of international standards for the transfer of clinical and administrative data between hospital information systems. It refers to a number of flexible standards, guidelines, and methodologies by which various healthcare systems communicate with each other. HL7 connects a family of technologies, providing a universal framework for the interoperability of healthcare data and software.

Founded in 1987, Health Level Seven International (HL7) is a non-profit, ANSI-accredited standards developing organization that manages updates of the HL7 protocol. With over 1,600 members from over 50 countries, HL7 International represents brain trust incorporating the expertise of healthcare providers, government stakeholders, payers, pharmaceutical companies, vendors/suppliers, and consulting firms.

HL7 has primary and secondary standards. The primary standards are the most popular and integral for system integrations, interoperability, and compliance. Primary standards include the following:

  • Version 2.x Messaging Standard–an interoperability specification for health and medical transactions
  • Version 3 Messaging Standard–an interoperability specification for health and medical transactions
  • Clinical Document Architecture (CDA)–an exchange model for clinical documents, based on HL7 Version 3
  • Continuity of Care Document (CCD)–a US specification for the exchange of medical summaries, based on CDA.
  • Structured Product Labeling (SPL)–the published information that accompanies a medicine based on HL7 Version 3
  • Clinical Context Object Workgroup (CCOW)–an interoperability specification for the visual integration of user applications

While HL7 may enjoy employment worldwide, it’s also the subject of controversy due to underlying security issues. Researchers from the University of California conducted an experiment to simulate an HL7 cyber attack in 2019, which revealed a number of encryption and authentication vulnerabilities. By simulating a main-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, the experiment proved a bad actor could potentially modify medical lab results, which may result in any number of catastrophic medical miscues—from misdiagnosis to prescription of ineffective medications and more.

As software developers, we advise employing advanced security technology to protect patient data. Medical professionals are urged to consider the following additional safety protocols:

  • A strictly enforced password policy with multi-factor authentication
  • Third-party applications which offer encrypted and authenticated messaging
  • Network segmentation, virtual LAN, and firewall controls

While HL7 provides unparalleled interoperability for health care data, it does not provide ample security given the level of sensitivity of medical data—transmissions are unauthenticated and unvalidated and subject to security vulnerabilities. Additional security measures can help medical providers retain that interoperability across systems while protecting themselves and their patients from having their data exploited.

How Wearables Help Fight Covid-19

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The Covid-19 pandemic forced lifestyle changes to the global population unlike any other event in recent history. As companies like Amazon and Zoom reap major profits from increased demand for online ordering and teleconferencing, wearable app developers are taking a particular interest in how they can do their part to help quell the pandemic.

It’s easy to take a wearable device that tracks key health metrics and market it as helping to detect Covid-19. It’s much harder to create a device with a proven value in helping prevent the spread of the disease. Here’s our rundown of what you need to know about how wearables can help fight the Covid-19 pandemic.

WEARABLES CANNOT DIAGNOSE COVID-19

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In an ideal world, your smartwatch could analyze your body on a molecular level to detect whether you have Covid-19. Technology has not evolved, yet, to where this is possible. The only way to diagnose Covid-19 is through a test administered by a health-care professional.

Fortunately, there are several ways in which wearables can help fight the spread of Covid-19 that do not involve direct diagnosis.

WEARABLES CAN DETECT EARLY SYMPTOMS

Wearables make it easy for their users to monitor general health conditions and deviations from their norms. Although wearables cannot detect the difference between the flu and Covid-19, they can collect data which indicates early symptoms of an illness and warns their users.

Fitbit CEO James Park hopes the device will eventually sense these changes in health data and instruct users to quarantine 1-3 days before symptoms start and to follow-up for confirmation with a coronavirus test.

Oura Ring
Oura Ring

Another big player in the Covid-19 wearables space is the Oura ring. The Oura ring is a smart ring that tracks activity, sleep, temperature, pulse, and heart rate. Since the outbreak, it has emerged as a major tool for detecting early symptoms like increased resting heart rate. Most notably, NBA players in Orlando, Florida use the device to monitor their health and detect early symptoms.

WEARABLES HELP KEEP FRONTLINE HEALTH WORKERS SAFE

John A. Rogers, a biomedical engineer at Northwestern University, has been developing a wearable patch that attaches to the user’s throat and helps monitor coughing and respiratory symptoms like shortness of breath.

Wearable patch developed by John A. Rogers of Northwestern University
Wearable patch developed by John A. Rogers of Northwestern University

One of the planned uses of this wearable is to protect frontline health-care workers by detecting if they contract the virus and become sick.

In addition, wearables can help monitor symptoms in hospitalized patients. This will reduce the chance of spreading the infection and exposing infected patients to workers.

ASYMPTOMATIC CARRIERS ARE ANOTHER STORY

Although wearables can collect and identify health data that points toward potential infections, recognizing asymptomatic carriers of the Coronavirus is another story. When carriers show no symptoms, the only way to determine if they have been infected is through a test.

TAKEAWAY

Unless there are significant technological leaps in Covid-19 testing, wearables will not be able to detect infections directly. However, they can help catch symptoms early to prevent the spread. Their ability to assist the pandemic represents a major growth sector. We look forward to seeing how wearable developers will innovate to protect the health of users and our future.

How Wearable Smart Clothing Will Revolutionize Health, Fitness, and Fashion

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Wearables are in a nascent stage since coming into vogue through the advent of Samsung Galaxy Gear in 2013 and the Apple Watch in 2015. Smartwatches and fitness devices like Fitbit continue to reign supreme and help us make our lives more efficient while tracking vital health data and improving our workouts.

The next generation of wearables will be able to cultivate even more data and transmit that information to health professionals with the help of 5G. Machine learning algorithms will help predict potential health issues based on the data gathered. In order to cultivate this data, we predict that wearable clothes fitted with sensors will rise in popularity, yielding ground-breaking applications in Fitness, Healthcare, Emergency Services, and Fashion.

FITNESS

The release of Fitbit in 2009 marked the first consumer-grade wearable focused on activity tracking, precipitating the advent of the smartwatch by four years. Since then, Fitbit has designed and released a line of products focusing on activity tracking, including the Fitbit Versa, a health and fitness smartwatch, and the Fitbit Ace, an activity tracker for children 8+.

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Fitbit isn’t the only major player in the wearables game. Nadi X Yoga Pants use built-in haptic vibrations to encourage wearers to move and hold positions.

Sensoria’s second generation connected socks use textile pressure sensors to track the pressure put on the user’s foot when running and inform the user when it senses too much pressure on a particular body part to prevent injury. They also track time, cadence, pace, speed, and distance.

The Thin Ice smart vest cools your body using thermo receptors, activating the bodies brown fat pathways which effectively burns white fat (bad fat).

OMsignal’s OmBra measures heart rate and breathing rhythm in addition to time, distance, cadence pace, and impact for runners.

athos

The Athos Core is perhaps the most thorough and expansive application in smart clothes today. Athos Core collects data from a line of clothing embedded with micro-EMG sensors and analyzes it to help improve your workout. Athos shirts can evaluate electrical activity produced by your muscles to track the exertion of major upper-body muscle groups (pecs, bis, tris, delts, lats, and traps).

HEALTHCARE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES

As cited in our last blog on 5G and healthcare, 86% of doctors say wearables increase patient engagement with their own health.

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The second generation Owlet Smart Sock is a smart-sock made for babies which uses pulse oximetry technology to monitor heart rate and sleep patterns.

Siren Smartsocks are designed to prevent diabetics from suffering from foot injuries. They have microsensors designed to continuously monitor temperature for inflammation and alert users through their smartphone app.

As wearable clothes become more popular, applications will automatically contact emergency services when the wearer’s health shows major warning signs.

Invisiwear offers wearable smart jewelry and other accessories with a panic button which gives the option to share your location with loved ones and 9-1-1.

The iBeat Heart Watch monitors health and notifies your loved ones and an EMT team in emergency situations.

FASHION

“Fashion tech” is gradually earning adoption.

On a mass consumer level, Levi’s teamed up with Google’s Project Jacquard to offer a smart trucker jacket designed for urban cyclists. Conducive yarn makes it easy for the user to tap, swipe, or hold the sleeve to fulfill simple tasks like changing music tracks, block or answer calls, or access navigation information.

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A London-based design firm THE UNSEEN created a line of luxury accessories including a backpack, phone case, scarf, and more which respond to air pressure, body temperature, wind, sunlight, and touch to change colors.

THE FUTURE OF WEARABLE CLOTHES

Recently, NBA commissioner Adam Silver unveiled the future of the NBA Jersey: a line of smart jerseys that allow you to customize the name and number on the jersey.

There’s no doubt that the future of wearable clothes is still unveiling itself to us as 5G receives mass adoption and programmers continue to uncover potential applications of machine learning. What is clear at this point is that wearable clothes will help make the human race smarter, stronger, healthier, and more efficient.

How 5G Will Enable the Next Generation of Healthcare

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In the past month, we’ve explored 5G, or fifth generation cellular technology, and how 5G will shape the future. In this piece, we’ll spotlight the many ways in which 5G will revolutionize the healthcare industry.

DATA TRANSMISSION

Many medical machines like MRIs and other imaging machines generate very large files that must then be sent to specialists for review. When operating on a network with low bandwidth, the transmission can take a long time or not send successfully. This means patients must wait even longer for treatment, inhibiting the efficiency of healthcare providers. 5G networks will vastly surpass current network speeds, enabling healthcare providers to quickly and reliably transport huge data files, allowing patients and doctors to get results fast.

EXPANDING TELEMEDICINE

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A study by Market Research Future showed that the future of telemedicine is bright—an annual growth rate of 16.5% is expected from 2017 to 2023. 5G is among the primary reasons for that level of growth. In order to support the real-time high-quality video necessary for telemedicine to be effective, hospitals and healthcare providers will need 5G networks that can reliably provide high-speed connections. Telemedicine will result in higher quality healthcare in rural areas and increased access to specialists around the world. Additionally, 5G will enable growth in AR, adding a new dimension to the quality of telemedicine.

REMOTE MONITORING AND WEARABLES

It’s no secret that 5G will enable incredible innovation in the IoT space. One of the ways in which IoT will enable more personalized healthcare involves wearables. According to Anthem, 86% of doctors say wearables increase patient engagement with their own health and wearables are expected to reduce hospital costs by 16% in the next five years.

Wearables like Fitbit track health information that can be vital for doctors to monitor patient health and offer preventative care. While the impact may initially be negligible, as technology advances and more applications for gathering data through wearables emerge, 5G will enable the high-speed, low-latency, data-intensive transfers necessary to take health-focused wearables to the next level. Doctors with increased access to patient information and data will be able to monitor and ultimately predict potential risks to patient health and enact preventative measures to get ahead of health issues.

Companies like CommandWear are creating wearable technology that helps save lives by enabling first responders to be more efficient and more conveniently communicate with their teams.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

In the future, artificial intelligence will analyze data to determine potential diagnoses and help determine the best treatment for a patient. The large amounts of data needed for real-time rapid machine learning requires ultra-reliable and high-bandwidth networks—the type of networks only 5G can offer.

One potential use case for AI in healthcare will be Health Management Systems. Picture a system that combines the Internet of Things with cloud computing and big data technology to fully exploit health status change information. Through data-mining, potential diseases can be screened and alarmed in advance. Health Management Systems will gradually receive mass adoption as 5G enables the data-transmission speeds necessary for machine learning to operate in the cloud and develop algorithms to predict future outcomes.

MAJOR PLAYERS

Right now, the major players who serve to benefit from 5G are the telecom companies developing technology that will enable mass adoption. Companies like Huawei Technologies, Nokia, Ericsson, Qualcomm, Verizon, AT&T, and Cisco Systems are investing massive sums of money into research and development and patenting various technologies, some of which will no doubt become the cornerstones of the future of healthcare.

Qualcomm recently hosted a contest to create a tricoder—a real life device based on a machine in the Star Trek TV movie franchise. Tricoders are portable medical devices that would enable patients to diagnose 13 conditions and continuously monitor five vital signs.

For a full list of major players in the 5G game, check out this awesome list from GreyB.

CONCLUSION

With human lives at stake, healthcare is the sector in which 5G could have the most transformative impact on our society. As the Qualcomm Tricoder contest shows, we are gradually building toward the society previously only dreamed about in sci-fi fiction–and 5G will help pave the way.

Get Fit And Stay Fit With Mobile Health Apps

Android Development, Healthcare, iOS Development

These days, many businesses are clamoring for ways to cut costs and still provide healthcare benefits.  One of the most effective ways to accomplish both is with Health and Wellness Programs.  Businesses who implement Health and Wellness Programs experience a decrease in yearly spending on health plans, by as much as 7%.  Along with saving money businesses also witness significant productivity gains.  By incorporating healthier lifestyles into the strategy and culture of their business, fewer employees miss work and morale is higher.

The most effective health and wellness programs address proper nutrition, exercise, and behavioral health.  Treating the whole person, and including everyone in the company, has been recognized as the most effective means for success.  Getting there can be a challenge:  gathering baseline info, setting schedules, understanding what to eat and tracking other metrics is time consuming.  However, it doesn’t have to be.  With mobile health (mHealth), information is easily gathered and the right incentives can be easy to provide.    

Everyday more and more consumers utilize apps on their iOS and Android mobile devices to track their health and fitness.  An effective healthcare app can make participating in Health and Wellness Programs fun and exciting.  A good healthcare app should combine proper nutrition and weight loss tips, with suggested activities, motivational texts and contests.  The power of social media can also be utilized to increase the fun.  Employees can post funny pictures of workout attire, unusual workout venues or exercises, and even show successes in weight loss.   

By promoting healthy lifestyle habits, businesses experience a decrease in healthcare costs and an increase in productivity.  Help your company incorporate healthier lifestyles into its strategy and culture with the best healthcare apps.  Mystic Media specializes in iOS and Android app development and can craft the perfect app for any company’s wellness program.  Contact us today for a free consultation, or click here to learn more about our capabilities.   

Keeping Healthy With Some Cool iPhone Apps

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With the explosion of mobile health, there are a lot of medical apps designed for the iPhone.   Nutrition apps monitor current lifestyle habits to help individuals stay healthy and avoid sickness.  There are also apps specifically designed for pregnant and nursing women to help new mothers monitor the health of the fetus and track feeding schedules.  A number of iPhone medical apps are designed specifically for doctors to assist with differential diagnosis and lab values.

Exciting new iPhone health apps for patients and doctors include:

  1. Sleep – Improves sleep by monitoring individual sleep cycles and heart rate, and helps individuals become more active.
  2. Baby Connect – Record feedings, naps, nursing, diapers, milestones and much more!  Also, share that information with babysitters, nannies and family.
  3. Pocket Pharmacist – Better understand prescription medications to ensure medication compatibility, and minimize side effects and unnecessary drug therapy.
  4. Instant ECG – Excellent learning tool and quick reference for physicians, nurses, paramedics and other healthcare professionals.
  5. Pocket Lab Values – Provides on-the-go information necessary for the daily practice of medicine for practitioners and students.

With the 2013 release of the new iPhone this Fall, growing demand for lifestyle and medical apps will increase.  Patients and doctors enjoy the assistance medical apps provide.  Nobody is complaining about the way mobile healthcare apps increase the overall health of patients, as well as decreasing medical costs!

Enlist Mystic Media’s help to keep pace with this new trend.  We design wonderful, effective smartphone apps to meet the needs of today’s marketplace.  Click here to learn more about our app development services.